First on the right hand Mohamed Ahmed Al mahgoub had stutied Law and Architechte... two times Prime Minister of Sudan.
SUDANESE CULTURE
Culture: Literature
The Sudanese literature can be divided into two groups. The first, which makes use of vernacular languages, presents an oral production, mostly poetry, with texts created as a function of song and dance, religious subjects, funeral, love or war, proverbs, fables and stories handed down without substantial changes from the earliest times. The second is prevalent, makes use of classical Arabic, with a production written and was distinguished by its own characteristics only from sec. XIX, in the period Mahdi, expressed a keen national sentiment. The poem, a net prevalence of the prose, was largely represented by the ancient qasidah, simplified and renewed also in the themes (social and political). In the literature of the century. XIX dominated the traditionalist movement, neo-classical. Husayn az-Zahra (1833-1895), Mohammad Hashim Ahmad (1825-1910), Mohammad Tahir al-Mağdhūb (1842-1929) and Mohammad Omar al-ʽ Binna (1848 1919) imitated the models Turks, while the poets and Umm Husaymas Bint al-MAKKAWI you remade the popular poetry using the Arab Sudanese. Others were inspired by the classic poets of the periods Umayyad and Abbasid, but by attempting a renewal form and content, such as university professors ʽ Abdallah al-Binna (1891 -?), In favor of a modernization of vocabulary, and ʽ Abdallah ʽ Abd ar-Rahman (1892 - ?), champion of pan-Arabism. However, despite these enzymes, the sec. XX still sees many writers, like Abdallah ʽ at-Tayyib (b. 1921), remain faithful to elaborate forms of traditional poetry. With Youssuf Mustafa al-Tinni (No. 1909) it was announced the romantic movement, who found a theoretical foundation in the animistic pantheism of critical Hamza al-Malik Tunbul and was influenced by nationalism in the bright ephemeral but important literary magazines, appeared in the thirties of the twentieth century, such as The Mirror of the Sudan, The Rebirth, The Dawn. The best romantic poets, who profoundly renewed sensibility and taste, style and content, were: Mohammad Ahmad Maḥğūb, Muhyi d-Din Sabir and especially Youssuf Bachir (1912-1937), who impressed however a turn toward realism. This movement emerged after the Second World War, with politically engaged poems, new shapes and themes, which enhance solidarity in the struggle and the Pan-Africanism (Muhyi d-Dīn Faris and Mubarak Hassan Khalifa) and advancing anti-racist claims with the great black poet Mohammad Miftah al-Fituri (b. 1930), whose poetry initiatory announces the successful reconciliation between the two roots, Arab and black, the Sudanese culture and identification with mythical Africa. But alongside the revolutionary poets are also the classic Jaafar Hamid al-Bashir (b. 1927), the mystic Taj al-Sir Hassan (b. 1930) and the poetry of light Jili ʽ Abd ar-Rahman (b. 1931). In the first half of the century it has been the story with Abu Bakr and Halid At-Tayyib Zarrūk, influenced by Egyptian literature, and Khōgli Shukrallah. But the most well-known in Europe, is the novelist at-Tayyib Salih (b. 1929), whose works have been translated into many languages. A masterpiece of contemporary Arabic fiction is his novel The Season of Migration to the North (1966), which has become a true classic in which you cross and compare the traditional cultures of an African country with Western culture. To produce dramatic, poorly developed, mention Ra'uf al-Abd al-Khani. In the production of English literature, which is also poor, remember the stories of Sir Hassan el-Fadl, appeared in the seventies of the twentieth century. For the next decade, we recommend the novels of Viviane Amina and Bakhita Amin Ismail, as well as the provocative novel Seeds of Redemption (1986) by F. Mading Deng. In non-fiction prevail socio-political and racial and stand Omer Beshir Mohammed Said, M. A. Abdel Rahim and F. M. Deng. The most popular writer was, however, Tayeb Salih (1929-2009), author of two novels that have been translated from Arabic into English in 1969, The Wedding of Zein and Season of Migration to the North. Contemporary poetry Sudanese mixes Arab and African influences, the best known exponent is Muhammad al-Mahdi al-majdhub.
The Sudanese literature can be divided into two groups. The first, which makes use of vernacular languages, presents an oral production, mostly poetry, with texts created as a function of song and dance, religious subjects, funeral, love or war, proverbs, fables and stories handed down without substantial changes from the earliest times. The second is prevalent, makes use of classical Arabic, with a production written and was distinguished by its own characteristics only from sec. XIX, in the period Mahdi, expressed a keen national sentiment. The poem, a net prevalence of the prose, was largely represented by the ancient qasidah, simplified and renewed also in the themes (social and political). In the literature of the century. XIX dominated the traditionalist movement, neo-classical. Husayn az-Zahra (1833-1895), Mohammad Hashim Ahmad (1825-1910), Mohammad Tahir al-Mağdhūb (1842-1929) and Mohammad Omar al-ʽ Binna (1848 1919) imitated the models Turks, while the poets and Umm Husaymas Bint al-MAKKAWI you remade the popular poetry using the Arab Sudanese. Others were inspired by the classic poets of the periods Umayyad and Abbasid, but by attempting a renewal form and content, such as university professors ʽ Abdallah al-Binna (1891 -?), In favor of a modernization of vocabulary, and ʽ Abdallah ʽ Abd ar-Rahman (1892 - ?), champion of pan-Arabism. However, despite these enzymes, the sec. XX still sees many writers, like Abdallah ʽ at-Tayyib (b. 1921), remain faithful to elaborate forms of traditional poetry. With Youssuf Mustafa al-Tinni (No. 1909) it was announced the romantic movement, who found a theoretical foundation in the animistic pantheism of critical Hamza al-Malik Tunbul and was influenced by nationalism in the bright ephemeral but important literary magazines, appeared in the thirties of the twentieth century, such as The Mirror of the Sudan, The Rebirth, The Dawn. The best romantic poets, who profoundly renewed sensibility and taste, style and content, were: Mohammad Ahmad Maḥğūb, Muhyi d-Din Sabir and especially Youssuf Bachir (1912-1937), who impressed however a turn toward realism. This movement emerged after the Second World War, with politically engaged poems, new shapes and themes, which enhance solidarity in the struggle and the Pan-Africanism (Muhyi d-Dīn Faris and Mubarak Hassan Khalifa) and advancing anti-racist claims with the great black poet Mohammad Miftah al-Fituri (b. 1930), whose poetry initiatory announces the successful reconciliation between the two roots, Arab and black, the Sudanese culture and identification with mythical Africa. But alongside the revolutionary poets are also the classic Jaafar Hamid al-Bashir (b. 1927), the mystic Taj al-Sir Hassan (b. 1930) and the poetry of light Jili ʽ Abd ar-Rahman (b. 1931). In the first half of the century it has been the story with Abu Bakr and Halid At-Tayyib Zarrūk, influenced by Egyptian literature, and Khōgli Shukrallah. But the most well-known in Europe, is the novelist at-Tayyib Salih (b. 1929), whose works have been translated into many languages. A masterpiece of contemporary Arabic fiction is his novel The Season of Migration to the North (1966), which has become a true classic in which you cross and compare the traditional cultures of an African country with Western culture. To produce dramatic, poorly developed, mention Ra'uf al-Abd al-Khani. In the production of English literature, which is also poor, remember the stories of Sir Hassan el-Fadl, appeared in the seventies of the twentieth century. For the next decade, we recommend the novels of Viviane Amina and Bakhita Amin Ismail, as well as the provocative novel Seeds of Redemption (1986) by F. Mading Deng. In non-fiction prevail socio-political and racial and stand Omer Beshir Mohammed Said, M. A. Abdel Rahim and F. M. Deng. The most popular writer was, however, Tayeb Salih (1929-2009), author of two novels that have been translated from Arabic into English in 1969, The Wedding of Zein and Season of Migration to the North. Contemporary poetry Sudanese mixes Arab and African influences, the best known exponent is Muhammad al-Mahdi al-majdhub.
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